Adeola O, Cowieson AJ. 2011. Board-invited review: Opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve nonruminant animal production. J Anim Sci 89:3189–3218.
Annison G, Choct M. 1991. Anti-nutritive activities of cereal non-starch polysaccharides in broiler diets and strategies minimizing their effects. World’s Poult Sci J 47:232–242.
Bedford MR, Schulze H. 1998. Exogenous enzymes in pigs and poultry. Nutr Res Rev 11:91–114.
Bedford MR, Wyatt C. 1998. Using feed enzymes to maximize nutrient utilization in corn-soy or sorghum-soy based layer diets. Zootecnica Int 9:32–35.
Cowieson AJ, Adeola O. 2005. Carbohydrase, protease, and phytase have an additive beneficial effect in nutritionally marginal diets for broiler chicks. Poult Sci 84:1860–1867.
Han SW, Lee KW, Lee BD, Sung CG. 1999. Effect of feeding
Aspergillus oryzae culture on fecal microflora, egg qualities, and nutrient metabolizabilities in laying hens. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 12:417–421.
Jang HD, Hyun Y, Kim HS, Hwang IW, Yoo JS, Kim HJ, Shin SO, Hwang Y, Zhou TX, Chen YJ, Cho JH, Kim IH. 2008. Effect of dietary microbial phytase on laying performance, egg quality, phosphorus utilization and nutrient metabolizability in laying hens. Korean J Poult Sci 35:115–121.
Lazaro R, Garcia M, Medel P, Mateos GG. 2003. Influence of enzyme on performance and digestive parameters of broiler fed rye-based diets. Poult Sci 82:132–140.
Lee SY, Kim JS, Kim JM, An BK, Kang CW. 2010. Effects of multiple enzyme of NSP enzymes and phytase (ROVABIO
®Max) supplemented to corn-wheat-soybean meal based diets on growth performance and intestinal viscosity in broiler chicks. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 23:1198–1204.
Lee KW, Li GX, Lillehoj HS, Lee SH, Jang SI, Babu US, Lillehoj EP, Neumann AP, Siragusa GR. 2011.
Bacillus subtilis-based direct-fed microbials augment macrophage function in broiler chickens. Res. Vet. Sci. 91:e87–e91.
Lillehoj HS, Lee KW. 2012. Immune modulation of innate immunity as alternatives-to-antibiotics strategies to mitigate the use of drugs in poultry production. Poult Sci 91:1286–1291.
Lim HS, Namkung H, Paik IK. 2003. Effects of phytase supplementation on the performance, egg quality, and phosphorus excretion of laying hens fed different levels of dietary calcium and nonphytate phosphorus. Poult Sci 82:92–99.
Liu JR, Lai SF, Yu B. 2007. Evaluation of an intestinal
lactobacillus reuteri strain expressing rumen fungal xylanase as a probiotic for broiler chickens fed on a wheat-based diet. Br Poult Sci 48:507–514.
National Research Council. 1994. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th edNational Academy Press; Washington DC, USA:
Ravindran V. 2013. Feed enzymes: The science, practice, and metabolic realities. J Appl Poult Res 22:628–636.
SAS. 2002. SAS user’s guide Statistics, Version 8. e. SAS Institute Inc.; Cary, NC, USA: