Anderson JL, Kalscheur KF, Garcia AD, Schingoethe DJ, Hippen AR. 2009. Ensiling characteristics of wet distillers grains mixed with soybean hulls and evaluation of the feeding value for growing Holstein heifers. J Anim Sci 87:62113–2123.
AOAC. 1984. Official methods of Analysis. 14th ed.Association of Official and Analytical Chemists; Arlington, Virginia, USA:
Barker SB, Summerson WH. 1941. The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material. J Biol Chem 138:535–554.
Broderick GA, Kang JH. 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and
in vitro media. J Dairy Sci 63:164–75.
Cao Y, Cai Y, Hirakubo T, Fukui H, Matsuyama H. 2011. Fermentation characteristics and microorganism composition of total mixed ration silage with local food by-products in different seasons. Anim Sci 82:2259–266.
Chiou PWS, Chang SH, Yu B. 2000. The effects of wet sorghum distillers’ grains inclusion on napiergrass silage quality. J Sci Food Agric 80:81199–1205.
Duan YH, Tan ZF, Wang YP, Li ZW, Li ZY, Qin GY, Huo YP, Cai YM. 2008. Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Tibetan Qula cheese. J Gen Appl Microbiol 54:151–60.
Haigh PM, Hopkins JR. 1977. Relationship between oven and toluene dry matter in grass silage. J Sci Food Agric 28:6477–480.
Kemble AR. 1956. Studies on the nitrogen metabolism of the ensilage process. J Sci Food Agric 7:2125–130.
Krishnamoorthy U, Muscato TV, Sniffen CJ, Van Soest PJ. 1982. Nitrogen fractions in selected feedstuffs. J Dairy Sci 65:2217–225.
McDonald P, Henderson AR, Heron SJE. 1991. The biochemistry of silage. 2th ed.Cambrian Printers Ltd; Aberystwyth:
Meeske R, van der Merwe GD, Greyling JF, Cruywagen CW. 2002. The effect of adding an enzyme containing lactic acid bacterial inoculant to big round bale oat silage on intake, milk production and milk composition of Jersey cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 97:3–4159–167.
Nilsson G, Nilsson PE. 1956. Silage studies. IV. The microflora on the surface of some fodder plants at different stages of maturity. Arch Microbiol 24:4412–422.
Nishino N, Hiroaki H, Sakaguchi E. 2003. Evaluation of fermentation and aerobic stability of wet brewers’ grains ensiled alone or in combination with various feeds as a total mixed ration. J Sci Food Agric 83:6557–563.
Ohba N, Tobisa M, Shimojo M. 2002. Effect of ethanol addition on ensiling of forage oats and italian ryegrass. Sci Bull Faculty Agric Kyushu Univ 57:11–15.
Parker JWG, Crawshaw R. 1982. Effects of formic acid on silage fermentation, digestibility, intake and performance of young cattle. Grass Forage Sci 37:153–58.
Ridla M, Uchida S. 1994. Fermentation quality and silage additives value of barley straw and wet brwers’grains silage. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 7:517–522.
SAS. 1999. SAS/STAT user’s guide: (Version 8.01th ed). SAS Institute Inc; Cary, North Carolina, USA:
Shao T, Ohba N, Shimojo M, Masuda Y. 2002. Dynamics of early fermentation of Italian ryegrass (
Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 15:1606–1610.
Shao T, Zhang ZX, Shimojo M, Wanga T, Masuda Y. 2005. Comparison of fermentation characteristics of italian ryegrass (
Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and guineagrass (
Panicum maximum Jacq.) during the early stage of ensiling. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 18:1727–1734.
Suksombat W. 2004. Silage from agricultural by-products in Thailand: processing and storage. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 17:473–478.
Thomas TA. 1977. An automated procedure for the determination of soluble carbohydrates in herbage. J Sci Food Agric 28:7639–642.
Titterton M, Maasdorp BV. 1997. Nutritional improvement of maize silage for dairying: mixed crop silages from sole and intercropped legumes and a long season variety of maize. 2. Ensilage Anim Feed Sci Technol 69:1–3263–270.
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 74:103583–3597.
Weissbach PJ. 1996. New developments in crop preservation. In : Proceedings of 11th International Silage Conference; Aberystwyth.
Zhang L, Yu CQ, Shimojo M, Shao T. 2011. Effect of different rates of ethanol additive on fermentation quality of napiergrass (pennisetum purpureum). Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 24:636–642.