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Animal Breeding and Genetics
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2004;17(11): 1541-1552.
https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.1541    Published online January 1, 2004.
Effect of Variety and Stage of Maturity on Nutritive Value of Whole Crop Rice Silage for Ruminants: In situ Dry Matter and Nitrogen Degradability and Estimation of Metabolizable Energy and Metabolizable Protein
M. R. Islam, M. Ishida, S. Ando, T. Nishida, N. Yoshida, M. Arakawa
Abstract
The effect of eight varieties of whole crop rice silage (WCRS) harvested at four stages of maturity were investigated for in situ DM and N degradability, ME and MP yield and content in an 8횞4 factorial experiment. The varieties were Akichikara, Fukuhibiki, Habataki, Hamasari, Hokuriku 168, Kusanami, Tamakei 96 and Yumetoiro. Hamasari and Kusanami were forage varieties while all others were grain varieties. Forages were harvested on 10, 22, 34 and 45 days after flowering, ensiled and kept in airtight condition. Between 45 and 49 days after ensiling, silages opened, chopped and milled green to pass through 4 mm screen. Samples were incubated in the rumen of two Holstein steers for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h over eight 4 d periods. Bags at 0 h were washed in a washing machine. Variety affected DM (p<0.001: except `a+b`, p<0.01) and N (p<0.001) degradability characteristics of WCRS. Stages of maturity also affected DM (p<0.001: except `a+b`, p<0.05; `c`, p<0.08) and N (p<0.01: except `c`, p<0.05) degradability characteristics of WCRS. Interactions between variety and stages of maturity occurred in all DM (p<0.001) and N (p<0.001) degradability characteristics except (p>0.05) for DM `b`, DM `c`, DM `a+b` and N `c`. Effective DM degradability was higher in grain varieties than forage varieties and degradability increased with maturity. N availability decreased only slightly with maturity. Variety was the key factor for N degradability characteristics of WCRS since variety accounted for most of the total variation for degradability characteristics. Both ME and MP content and yield were higher (p<0.001) in grain varieties, and they increased (p<0.001) with the maturity. The results clearly demonstrated that the grain type varieties contained higher ME and MP content than forage varieties, and increase in maturity increases both ME and MP content of WCRS.
Keywords: Whole Crop Rice; Variety; Maturity; In situ Degradability; Metabolizable Energy; Metabolizable Protein


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