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Ruminant Nutrition and Forage Utilization
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2007;20(7): 1057-1066.
https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2007.1057    Published online June 27, 2007.
Phylogenetic Analysis of 16S rDNA Sequences Manifest Rumen Bacterial Diversity in Gayals (Bos frontalis) Fed Fresh Bamboo Leaves and Twigs (Sinarumdinaria)
Weidong Deng, Metha Wanapat*, Songcheng Ma, Jing Chen, Dongmei Xi, Tianbao He, Zhifang Yang, Huaming Mao
Correspondence:  Metha Wanapat,
Abstract
Six male Gayal (Bos frontalis), approximately two years of age and with a mean live weight of 203??7 kg (mean??standard deviation), were housed indoors in metabolism cages and fed bamboo (Sinarundinaria) leaves and twigs. After an adjustment period of 24 days of feeding the diet, samples of rumen liquor were obtained for analyses of bacteria in the liquor. The diversity of rumen bacteria was investigated by constructing a 16S rDNA clone library. A total of 147 clones, comprising nearly full length sequences (with a mean length of 1.5 kb) were sequenced and submitted to an on-line similarity search and phylogenetic analysis. Using the criterion of 97% or greater similarity with the sequences of known bacteria, 17 clones were identified as Ruminococcus albus, Butyrivibrio fibrosolvens, Quinella ovalis, Clostridium symbiosium, Succiniclasticum ruminis, Selenomonas ruminantium and Allisonella histaminiformans, respectively. A further 22 clones shared similarity ranging from 90-97% with known bacteria but the similarity in sequences for the remaining 109 clones was less than 90% of those of known bacteria. Using a phylogenetic analysis it was found that the majority of the clones identified (57.1%) were located in the low G+C subdivision, with most of the remainder (42.2% of clones) located in the Cytophage-Flexibacter-Bacteroides (CFB) phylum and one clone (0.7%) was identified as a Spirochaete. It was apparent that Gayal have a large and diverse range of bacteria in the rumen liquor which differ from those of cattle and other ruminants. This may explain the greater live weights of Gayal, compared to cattle, grazing in the harsh natural environments in which Gayal are located naturally.
Keywords: Gayal; Rumen Bacteria; 16S rDNA; Phylogenetic Analysis
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