Anim Biosci > Volume 33(10); 2020 > Article |
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Item | High nutrition diet | Low nutrition diet |
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Yellow corn | 33.32 | 36.95 |
Extruded corn | 20.00 | 20.00 |
Whey powder (78%) | 7.00 | 7.00 |
Soybean meal (46%) | 8.28 | 5.98 |
Fermented soybean meal | 5.00 | 5.00 |
Extruded soybean meal | 5.00 | 5.00 |
Skimmed milk powder | 7.00 | 7.00 |
Fish meal | 3.00 | 3.00 |
Sugar | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Glucose | 2.00 | 2.00 |
SDPP | 3.00 | 3.00 |
Soy oil | 1.33 | 0.00 |
Limestone | 0.55 | 0.55 |
MCP | 0.68 | 0.72 |
Salt | 0.10 | 0.10 |
Lysine-HCl (98.5%) | 0.44 | 0.42 |
DL-methionine (99%) | 0.30 | 0.29 |
L-threonine (98.5%) | 0.20 | 0.19 |
L-tryptophan (10%) | 0.30 | 0.30 |
Choline (50%) | 0.10 | 0.10 |
Vitamin premix1) | 0.20 | 0.20 |
Mineral premix2) | 0.20 | 0.20 |
Total | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Calculated composition3) (%) | ||
CP | 20.00 | 19.42 |
Crude fat | 4.70 | 3.42 |
Ash | 5.49 | 6.05 |
AME (kcal/kg) | 3500 | 3400 |
Ca | 0.7 | 0.7 |
AP | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Lys | 1.58 | 1.55 |
Apparent ileal digestible amino acid | ||
SID-Lys | 1.48 | 1.45 |
ME/CP | 175 | 175 |
CP/SID-Lys | 13.79 | 13.79 |
SID-TSAA/SID-Lys | 0.60 | 0.60 |
SID-Thr/SID-Lys | 0.62 | 0.62 |
SID-Trp/SID-Lys | 0.17 | 0.17 |
SDPP, spray-dried porcine plasma; MCP, monocalcium phosphate; AME, apparent metabolic energy; SID, standard ileal digestibility; CP, crude protein; TSAA, total sulfur amino acid.
1) Supplied per kg diet: 4,000 IU vitamin A, 800 IU vitamin D3, 171 IU vitamin E, 2 mg vitamin K, 4 mg vitamin B2, 1 mg vitamin B6, 16 μg vitamin B12, 11 mg pantothenic acid, 20 mg niacin and 0.08 mg biotin.
Items | TRT11) | TRT21) | TRT31) | TRT41) | TRT51) | TRT61) | TRT71) | TRT81) | SEM | p-value2) | ||||||
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High nutrition density | Low nutrition density | Probiotics | Feed type | Nutrition density | Probiotics × feed type | Feed type × nutrition density | Probiotics × nutrition density | Interaction | ||||||||
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Dry type | Wet type | Dry type | Wet type | |||||||||||||
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NC | Probiotics | NC | Probiotics | NC | Probiotics | NC | Probiotics | |||||||||
Body weight (kg) | ||||||||||||||||
Initial | 7.08 | 7.08 | 7.07 | 7.05 | 7.04 | 7.04 | 7.02 | 7.02 | 0.61 | 0.930 | 0.963 | 0.985 | 0.997 | 0.991 | 0.994 | 0.994 |
Phase13) | 8.09 | 8.16 | 8.13 | 8.16 | 8.16 | 8.09 | 8.03 | 8.11 | 0.63 | 0.940 | 0.966 | 0.951 | 0.928 | 0.957 | 0.963 | 0.913 |
Phase23) | 10.75 | 10.95 | 10.82 | 11.22 | 10.12 | 10.35 | 10.20 | 10.54 | 0.69 | 0.216 | 0.755 | 0.557 | 0.975 | 0.874 | 0.988 | 0.964 |
Phase33) | 13.56 | 15.15 | 14.38 | 15.84 | 12.79 | 14.11 | 12.93 | 14.31 | 1.02 | 0.118 | 0.535 | 0.064 | 0.690 | 0.982 | 0.906 | 0.951 |
Phase1 | ||||||||||||||||
ADG (g) | 201 | 216 | 213 | 221 | 224 | 211 | 201 | 218 | 18 | 0.970 | 0.980 | 0.608 | 0.532 | 0.634 | 0.716 | 0.485 |
ADFI (g) | 212 | 217 | 239 | 237 | 234 | 233 | 219 | 239 | 20 | 0.739 | 0.515 | 0.697 | 0.336 | 0.818 | 0.765 | 0.631 |
G:F | 0.968 | 0.998 | 0.889 | 0.930 | 0.960 | 0.907 | 0.917 | 0.916 | 0.032 | 0.366 | 0.063 | 0.864 | 0.234 | 0.495 | 0.197 | 0.663 |
Phase2 | ||||||||||||||||
ADG (g) | 266 | 279 | 269 | 307 | 196 | 225 | 217 | 243 | 20 | <0.001 | 0.248 | 0.083 | 0.891 | 0.723 | 0.945 | 0.616 |
ADFI (g) | 332 | 349 | 314 | 424 | 266 | 315 | 290 | 329 | 24 | 0.005 | 0.183 | 0.106 | 0.768 | 0.238 | 0.560 | 0.145 |
G:F | 0.800 | 0.802 | 0.859 | 0.723 | 0.738 | 0.727 | 0.751 | 0.738 | 0.046 | 0.099 | 0.986 | 0.242 | 0.739 | 0.300 | 0.415 | 0.313 |
Phase3 | ||||||||||||||||
ADG (g) | 281 | 419 | 356 | 461 | 267 | 376 | 273 | 376 | 42 | 0.078 | 0.323 | 0.002 | 0.366 | 0.751 | 0.805 | 0.826 |
ADFI (g) | 418 | 623 | 529 | 669 | 452 | 551 | 403 | 565 | 61 | 0.141 | 0.486 | 0.003 | 0.283 | 0.986 | 0.634 | 0.470 |
G:F | 0.668 | 0.674 | 0.672 | 0.690 | 0.587 | 0.684 | 0.676 | 0.666 | 0.010 | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.001 | 0.093 | 0.004 | 0.042 | <0.001 |
Overall | ||||||||||||||||
ADG (g) | 259 | 323 | 292 | 352 | 230 | 283 | 236 | 291 | 21 | 0.007 | 0.220 | 0.002 | 0.448 | 0.978 | 0.815 | 0.918 |
ADFI (g) | 342 | 432 | 385 | 484 | 334 | 393 | 321 | 405 | 28 | 0.031 | 0.256 | <0.001 | 0.249 | 0.666 | 0.569 | 0.851 |
G:F | 0.756 | 0.747 | 0.763 | 0.726 | 0.687 | 0.720 | 0.736 | 0.719 | 0.016 | 0.011 | 0.482 | 0.509 | 0.196 | 0.105 | 0.182 | 0.625 |
SEM, pooled standard error of means; NC, negative control; ADG, average daily gain; ADFI, average daily feed intake; G:F, gain:feed.
1) TRT1, high nutrition density feed × dry type × none; TRT2, high nutrition density feed × dry type × probiotics; TRT3, high nutrition density feed × wet type × none; TRT4, high nutrition density feed × wet type × probiotics; TRT5, low nutrition density feed × dry type × none; TRT6, low nutrition density feed × dry type × probiotics; TRT7, low nutrition density feed × wet type × none; TRT8, low nutrition density feed × wet type × probiotics.
Items (%) | TRT11) | TRT21) | TRT31) | TRT41) | TRT51) | TRT61) | TRT71) | TRT81) | SEM | p-value2) | ||||||
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High nutrition density | Low nutrition density | Probiotics | Feed type | Nutrition density | Probiotics × feed type | Feed type × nutrition density | Probiotics × nutrition density | Interaction | ||||||||
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Dry type | Wet type | Dry type | Wet type | |||||||||||||
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NC | Probiotics | NC | Probiotics | NC | Probiotics | NC | Probiotics | |||||||||
5 d | ||||||||||||||||
Dry matter | 83.31 | 84.21 | 84.38 | 84.77 | 84.21 | 84.25 | 83.50 | 83.97 | 0.53 | 0.245 | 0.315 | 0.341 | 0.637 | 0.276 | 0.168 | 0.750 |
Nitrogen | 82.64 | 83.23 | 83.81 | 82.58 | 83.03 | 83.65 | 83.64 | 83.69 | 0.91 | 0.156 | 0.267 | 0.543 | 0.104 | 0.739 | 0.624 | 0.448 |
Energy | 83.86 | 84.35 | 84.75 | 85.36 | 84.68 | 83.79 | 85.31 | 85.22 | 0.77 | 0.265 | 0.543 | 0.438 | 0.681 | 0.963 | 0.624 | 0.541 |
10 d | ||||||||||||||||
Dry matter | 84.50 | 84.93 | 83.51 | 85.06 | 84.44 | 83.79 | 85.04 | 83.89 | 0.95 | 0.854 | 0.453 | 0.631 | 0.360 | 0.357 | 0.400 | 0.509 |
Nitrogen | 83.57 | 82.65 | 83.62 | 84.31 | 83.65 | 84.31 | 82.86 | 83.06 | 0.59 | 0.804 | 0.654 | 0.265 | 0.664 | 0.631 | 0.817 | 0.168 |
Energy | 83.83 | 84.35 | 84.75 | 85.36 | 84.32 | 85.28 | 83.31 | 85.16 | 0.80 | 0.647 | 0.169 | 0.735 | 0.261 | 0.736 | 0.547 | 0.440 |
25 d | ||||||||||||||||
Dry matter | 84.34 | 85.94 | 85.08 | 86.89 | 84.32 | 84.78 | 85.43 | 84.66 | 0.69 | 0.122 | 0.174 | 0.116 | 0.725 | 0.599 | 0.060 | 0.458 |
Nitrogen | 82.61 | 84.85 | 83.83 | 85.05 | 82.97 | 83.41 | 83.60 | 83.41 | 0.78 | 0.187 | 0.361 | 0.099 | 0.724 | 0.458 | 0.154 | 0.863 |
Energy | 83.97 | 84.80 | 84.45 | 86.01 | 82.84 | 84.10 | 84.42 | 83.83 | 0.80 | 0.078 | 0.189 | 0.180 | 0.863 | 0.620 | 0.448 | 0.257 |
1) TRT1, high nutrition density feed × dry type × none; TRT2, high nutrition density feed × dry type × probiotics; TRT3, high nutrition density feed × wet type × none; TRT4, high nutrition density feed × wet type × probiotics; TRT5, low nutrition density feed × dry type × none; TRT6, low nutrition density feed × dry type × probiotics; TRT7, low nutrition density feed × wet type × none; TRT8, low nutrition density feed × wet type × probiotics.
Items | TRT11) | TRT21) | TRT31) | TRT41) | TRT51) | TRT61) | TRT71) | TRT81) | SEM | p-value2) | ||||||
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High nutrition density | Low nutrition density | Probiotics | Feed type | Nutrition density | Probiotics × feed type | Feed type × nutrition density | Probiotics × nutrition density | Interaction | ||||||||
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Dry type | Wet type | Dry type | Wet type | |||||||||||||
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NC | Probiotics | NC | Probiotics | NC | Probiotics | NC | Probiotics | |||||||||
Fecal score3) | ||||||||||||||||
0–5 d | 2.5 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 0.09 | 0.039 | 0.229 | 0.099 | 0.624 | 1.000 | 0.063 | 0.229 |
5–15 d | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.06 | 0.476 | 0.290 | 0.476 | 0.720 | 0.021 | 0.476 | 0.290 |
15–25 d | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 0.08 | 0.650 | 0.184 | 0.650 | 0.650 | 0.003 | 0.880 | 0.650 |
1) TRT1, high nutrition density feed × dry type × none; TRT2, high nutrition density feed × dry type × probiotics; TRT3, high nutrition density feed × wet type × none; TRT4, high nutrition density feed × wet type × probiotics; TRT5, low nutrition density feed × dry type × none; TRT6, low nutrition density feed × dry type × probiotics; TRT7, low nutrition density feed × wet type × none; TRT8, low nutrition density feed × wet type × probiotics.