Alexopoulos C, Papaioannou DS, Fortomaris P, Kyriakis CS, Tserveni GA, Yannakopoulos A, Kyriakis SC. 2007. Experimental study on the effect of in-feed administration of a clinoptilolite-rich tuff on certain biochemical and hematological parameters of growing and fattening pigs. Livest Sci 111:230–241.
Angulo E, Brufau J, Esteve GE. 1995. Effect of sepiolite on pellet durability in feeds differing in fat and fibre content. Anim Feed Sci Technol 53:233–241.
Anonymous. 2010. Statement on the establishment of guidelines for the assessment of additives from the functional group ‘substances for reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins. EFSA J 8:1693
AOAC. 2000. Official methods of analysis. 17th edn.Association of Official Analytical Chemists; Gaithersburg, MD:
Bailey CA, Latimer GW, Barr AC, Wigle WL, Haq AU, Balthrop JE, Kubena LF. 2006. Efficacy of montmorillonite clay (NovaSil PLUS) for protecting full-term broilers from aflatoxicosis. J Appl Poult Res 15:198–206.
Baker DH, Becker DE, Jensen AH, Harmon BG. 1968. Effect of dietary dilution on performance of finishing swine. J Anim Sci 27:1332–1335.
Cheung C, Zheng GJ, Richardson BJ, Lam PKS. 2001. Relationship between tissue concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and antioxidative responses of marine mussels. Aquat Toxicol 52:189–203.
Crenshaw TD, Peo ER, Lewis AJ, Moser BD. 1981. Bone strength as a trait for assessing mineralization in swine: A critical review of techniques involved. J Anim Sci 53:827–835.
Dwyer MR, Kubena LF, Harvey RB, Mayura K, Sarr AB, Buckley S, Bailey RH, Phillips TD. 1997. Effect of inorganic adsorbents and cyclopiazonic acid in broiler chicken. Poult Sci 76:1141–1149.
Eklou KE, Zerath E, Colin C, Lacroix C, Holy X, Denis I, Pointillart A. 1999. Calcium-regulating hormones, bone mineral content, breaking load and trabecular remodeling are altered in growing pigs fed calcium-deficient diets. J Nutr 129:188–193.
Fiske CH, Subbarow YS. 1925. The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. J Biol Chem 66:375–400.
Hu CH, Xia MS, Xu ZR, Xiong L. 2004. Effects of copper-bearing montmorillonite on growth performance and digestive function of growing pigs. Asian-Aust. J Anim Sci 17:1575–1581.
Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML. 1997. Appendixes. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 5th EdKaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML, editorsAcademic Press; San Diego: p. 885–905.
Katsoulos PD, Roubies N, Panousis N, Arsenos G, Christaki E, Karatzias H. 2005. Effects of long-term dietary supplementation with clinoptilolite on incidence of parturient paresis and serum concentration of total calcium, phosphate, magnesium, potassium and sodium in dairy cows. Am J Vet Res 66:2081–2085.
Kourie JI. 1998. Interaction of reactive oxygen species with ion transport mechanisms. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 275:C1–C24.
Miles RD, Henry PR. 2007. Safety of improved Milbond-TX
® when fed in broiler diets at greater than recommended levels. Anim Feed Sci Technol 138:309–317.
National Research Council. 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine. 10th EdNational Academy Press; Washington, DC, USA:
Papaioannou DS, Kyriakis CS, Papasteriadis A, Roumbies N, Yannakopoulos A, Alexopoulos C. 2002. Effect of in-feed inclusion of a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) on certain vitamin, macro and trace element concentrations in the blood, liver and kidney tissues of sows. Res Vet Sci 72:61–68.
Papaioannou DS, Kyriakis CS, Alexopoulos C, Tzika ED, Polizopoulou ZS, Kyriakis SC. 2004. A field study on the effect of the dietary use of a clinoptilolite-rich tuff, alone or in combination with certain antimicrobials, on the health status and performance of weaned, growing and finishing pigs. Res Vet Sci 76:19–29.
Parisini P, Martelli G, Sardi L, Escribano F. 1999. Protein and energy retention in pigs fed diets containing sepiolite. Anim Feed Sci Technol 79:155–162.
Phillips TD, Clement BA, Park DL. 1993. Approaches to reduction of aflatoxin in foods and feeds. The toxicology of aflatoxins: Human health, veterinary, and agricultural significance. Eaton DL, Groopman JD, editorsAcademic Press; London: p. 383–406.
Phillips TD, Marroquin CA, Deng Y, Taylor JF, Hallmark CT, Johnson NM. 2009.
In vitro and
in vivo characterization of mycotoxin-binding additives used for animal feeds in Mexico. Food Addit Contam A 26:733–743.
Pond WG, Yen JT, Crouse JT. 1989. Tissue mineral element content in swine fed clinoptilolite. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 42:735–742.
Pond WG, Yen JT, Varel VH. 1988. Response of growing swine to dietary copper and clinoptilolite supplementation. Nutr Rep Int 37:797–803.
Prvulovic D, Kosarcic S, Popovic M, Dimitrijevic D, Grubor LG. 2012. The influence of hydrated aluminosilicate on biochemical and haematological blood parameters, growth performance and carcass traits of pigs. J Anim Vet Adv 11:134–140.
Ramos AJ, Hernandez E. 1996.
In vitro aflatoxin adsorption by means of a montmorillonited silicate: A study of adsorption isotherms. Anim Feed Sci Technol 62:263–269.
SAS Institute Inc.. 1996. SAS user’s guide: Statistics. Version 8 Ed. SAS Institute Inc; Cary, North Carolina:
Shurson GC, Ku PK, Miller ER, Yokohama MT. 1984. Effects of zeolite A or clinoptilolite in diets of growing swine. J Anim Sci 59:1536–1545.
Sibbald IR, Slinger SJ, Ashton GC. 1960. The weight gain and feed intake of chicks fed a ration diluted with cellulose or kaolin. J Nutr 72:441–446.
Tauqir NA, Nawaz H. 2001. Performance and economics of broiler chicks fed on rations supplemented with different levels of sodium bentonite. Int J Agric Biol 3:149–150.
Thiex NJ, Manson H, Anderson S, Persson JA. 2002. Determination of crude protein in animal feed, forage, grain, and oilseeds by using block digestion with copper catalyst and steam distillation into boric acid: Collaborative study. J AOAC Int 85:309–317.
Venglovsky J, Pacajova Z, Sasakova N, Vucemilo M. 1999. Adsorption properties of natural zeolite and bentonite in pig slurry from the microbiological point of view. Vet Med 44:339–344.
Vrzgula L, Bartko P. 1984. Effects of clinoptilolite on weight gain and some physiological parameters of swine. Zeo-agriculture Use of natural zeolites in agriculture and aquaculture. Pond WG, Mumpton FA, editorsWestview Press; Boulder Colorado: p. 161–166.
Ward TL, Watkins KL, Southern LL, Hoyt PG, French DD. 1991. Interactive effects of sodium zeolite-A and copper in growing swine: Growth, and bone and tissue mineral concentrations. J Anim Sci 69:726–733.
Wiles MC, Huebner HJ, Afriyie GE, Taylor RJ, Bratton GR, Phillips TD. 2004. Toxicological evaluation and metal bioavailability in pregnant rats following exposure to clay minerals in the diet. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 67:863–874.
Wink DA, Hanbauer I, Laval F, Cook JA, Krishna MC, Mitchell JB. 1994. Nitric oxide protects against the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species. Ann NY Acad Sci 738:265–278.
Xia MS, Hu CH, Xu ZR. 2005. Effects of copper bearing montmorillonite on the growth performance, intestinal microflora and morphology of weanling pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 118:307–317.
Yannakopoulos A, Terveni GA, Kassoli FA, Tsirambides A, Michailidis K, Filippidis A, Lutat U. 2000. Effects of dietary clinoptilolite-rich tuff on the performance of growing-finishing pigs. Natural zeolites for the third millennium. Coela C, Mumpton FA, editorsDe Frede Editore; Napoli: p. 471–481.