Anim Biosci > Volume 28(10); 2015 > Article |
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Positive control | Negative control | |
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Ingredients (%) | ||
Corn | 60.1 | 62.7 |
Soybean meal | 33.1 | 32.5 |
Soybean oil | 2.72 | 1.50 |
Sodium bicarbonate | 0.20 | 0.20 |
Salt | 0.14 | 0.14 |
Monocalcium phosphate | 1.33 | 0.56 |
Limestone | 1.36 | 1.27 |
Lysine-HCl | 0.03 | 0.05 |
DL-methionine | 0.23 | 0.23 |
L-threonine | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Titanium dioxide | 0.30 | 0.30 |
Vitamin-mineral premix1 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
Calculated provisions | ||
Crude protein (%) | 22.5 | 22.5 |
ME (kcal/kg) | 3,055 | 3,017 |
Digestible lys (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Digestible met+cys (%) | 0.77 | 0.77 |
Digestible Thr (%) | 0.67 | 0.63 |
Ca (%) | 0.95 | 0.79 |
Total P (%) | 0.64 | 0.48 |
Non-phytate P (%) | 0.40 | 0.24 |
Ca: available P | 2.38 | 2.63 |
1 Supplied per kilogram of diet: vitamin A, 8,255 IU; vitamin D3, 3,000 IU; vitamin E, 30 IU; vitamin K, 2 mg; Thiamine (vitamin B1), 4 mg; riboflavin (vitamin B2), 6 mg; niacin, 41.2 mg; folic acid, 1 mg; biotin, 0.25 mg; pyridoxine, 4 mg; choline, 1,301; Pantothenic acid, 11 mg; vitamin B12, 0.013 mg; Mn, 70 mg; Zn, 80 mg; Fe, 80 mg; Cu, 10 mg; and Na, 1.7 g.
Items | PC | Phytase (FTU/kg) | SEM | Contrasts2 | ||||||||
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01 | 250 | 500 | 750 | 1,000 | 2,000 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
Performance | ||||||||||||
Body weight gain (g) | 639ab | 537c | 587bc | 598ab | 623ab | 618ab | 642a | 18.51 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.058 | 0.354 |
FI (g) | 895a | 793b | 850ab | 868a | 884a | 861a | 878a | 22.6 | 0.002 | 0.042 | 0.064 | 0.154 |
FCR (g/g) | 1.40bc | 1.48a | 1.45ab | 1.46ab | 1.42abc | 1.39bc | 1.37c | 0.024 | 0.028 | 0.002 | 0.419 | 0.580 |
Bone ash (g/kg) | ||||||||||||
Tibia | 484ab | 423c | 462b | 481ab | 485ab | 485ab | 499a | 11.9 | 0.007 | <0.01 | 0.002 | 0.145 |
Toe | 54.3a | 45.5b | 50.1ab | 54.8a | 53.7a | 52.7ab | 56.6a | 2.669 | 0.023 | 0.012 | 0.188 | 0.166 |
Items | PC | Phytase (FTU/kg) | SEM | Contrasts2 | ||||||||
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01 | 250 | 500 | 750 | 1,000 | 2,000 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
Dry matter | 67.6ab | 64.2d | 65.1cd | 67.4ab | 66.1bc | 66.5abc | 68.1a | 0.62 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.246 | 0.117 |
Minerals | ||||||||||||
Ca | 42.0a | 34.0b | 35.3b | 44.3a | 35.2b | 35.9b | 42.9a | 2.05 | 0.007 | 0.011 | 0.814 | 0.009 |
Na | 10.4ab | −2.3c | −1.2c | 7.8ab | 4.1bc | 10.8ab | 13.1a | 2.40 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.097 | 0.829 |
Mg | 14.0a | −4.79c | −4.77c | −4.28c | −1.64bc | −1.64bc | 5.06b | 2.88 | <0.01 | 0.027 | 0.866 | 0.196 |
P | 53.1b | 39.5c | 51.1b | 64.9a | 67.4a | 69.1a | 68.2a | 1.82 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.035 |
Amino acids | ||||||||||||
Indispensable AA | ||||||||||||
Arg | 89.9a | 88.1bc | 87.7c | 87.6c | 88.5abc | 89.4ab | 88.8abc | 0.51 | 0.020 | 0.062 | 0.375 | 0.039 |
His | 83.3a | 80.6b | 80.7b | 80.8b | 82.0ab | 82.9a | 82.5ab | 0.66 | 0.008 | 0.021 | 0.203 | 0.184 |
Ile | 84.0a | 81.0b | 80.7b | 81.1b | 83.5a | 84.9a | 84.3a | 0.65 | 0.003 | <0.01 | 0.024 | 0.008 |
Leu | 84.6a | 82.0bc | 81.7bc | 81.4c | 83.4ab | 84.5a | 83.8a | 0.61 | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.149 | 0.015 |
Lys | 86.7 | 84.3 | 86.9 | 83.5 | 87.4 | 89.1 | 87.8 | 2.20 | 0.452 | 0.249 | 0.495 | 0.500 |
Met | 89.7ab | 88.6b | 89.1ab | 89.2ab | 90.4ab | 90.3ab | 90.6a | 0.65 | 0.209 | 0.028 | 0.274 | 0.796 |
Phe | 81.2a | 80.9a | 78.6ab | 75.3b | 75.3b | 77.8ab | 75.0b | 1.31 | 0.889 | 0.008 | 0.090 | 0.031 |
Thr | 76.9bc | 76.9bc | 76.6bc | 75.9c | 77.3bc | 79.1a | 77.9ab | 0.61 | 0.998 | 0.031 | 0.253 | 0.006 |
Val | 81.8a | 78.5b | 78.7b | 79.2b | 81.7a | 83.3a | 82.6a | 0.63 | 0.001 | <0.01 | 0.005 | 0.009 |
Mean IAA | 84.2a | 82.3bc | 82.3bc | 81.6c | 83.3abc | 84.6a | 83.7ab | 0.63 | 0.042 | 0.022 | 0.249 | 0.025 |
Dispensable AA | ||||||||||||
Ala | 83.2a | 80.4bc | 79.9c | 79.9c | 81.8ab | 83.2a | 82.6a | 0.62 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.156 | 0.011 |
Asp | 82.7a | 80.0bc | 78.7c | 78.4c | 79.9bc | 81.4ab | 80.3bc | 0.73 | 0.014 | 0.150 | 0.670 | 0.010 |
Cys | 66.4 | 64.0 | 65.9 | 68.0 | 60.9 | 64.6 | 62.4 | 3.06 | 0.597 | 0.469 | 0.916 | 0.551 |
Glu | 88.4a | 86.6bc | 86.2c | 85.8c | 86.9abc | 87.8ab | 87.3abc | 0.53 | 0.026 | 0.091 | 0.627 | 0.041 |
Gly | 78.2a | 75.1bc | 74.7c | 74.7c | 76.1abc | 78.2a | 77.0ab | 0.76 | 0.007 | 0.011 | 0.208 | 0.021 |
Pro | 81.8a | 78.8b | 79.4b | 79.0b | 79.7ab | 80.6ab | 79.9ab | 0.81 | 0.013 | 0.280 | 0.390 | 0.550 |
Ser | 80.8a | 78.1b | 76.5bc | 74.7c | 75.6bc | 77.6b | 76.1bc | 0.92 | 0.048 | 0.520 | 0.330 | 0.020 |
Tyr | 83.4a | 81.6abc | 81.1bc | 80.1c | 82.0abc | 83.6a | 82.5ab | 0.75 | 0.102 | 0.058 | 0.471 | 0.011 |
Mean DAA | 80.6a | 78.1b | 77.8b | 77.6b | 77.9b | 79.6ab | 78.5ab | 0.84 | 0.041 | 0.393 | 0.643 | 0.164 |
Mean total | 82.4a | 80.2bc | 80.0c | 79.6c | 80.6abc | 82.1ab | 81.1abc | 0.71 | 0.036 | 0.126 | 0.431 | 0.068 |
PC, positive control; SEM, standard error of the mean; AA, amino acids; IAA, indispensable amino acids; DAA, dispensable amino acids.
1 Negative control, similar to PC except available P and Ca which were less than in PC by 40.0% and 16.8%, respectively.
Item | PC | Phytase (FTU/kg) | SEM | Contrasts2 | ||||||||
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01 | 250 | 500 | 750 | 1,000 | 2,000 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
DM | 68.4c | 69.1c | 70.9b | 71.5ab | 69.2c | 71.9ab | 72.8a | 0.58 | 0.382 | <0.01 | 0.870 | 0.348 |
Nitrogen | 58.5c | 59.2bc | 59.7bc | 60.3bc | 58.1c | 64.5a | 62.9ab | 1.46 | 0.713 | 0.034 | 0.662 | 0.185 |
Ca | 57.7b | 49.1c | 61.3b | 61.0b | 60.7b | 61.9ab | 67.8a | 2.25 | 0.009 | <0.01 | 0.090 | 0.015 |
Mg | 21.8a | 8.60d | 13.9bcd | 16.2abc | 11.1cd | 19.9ab | 16.7abc | 2.18 | <0.01 | 0.018 | 0.068 | 0.981 |
Na | 74.9 | 69.3 | 75.7 | 74.1 | 72.0 | 73.4 | 73.3 | 2.34 | 0.101 | 0.666 | 0.484 | 0.202 |
P | 51.0d | 42.6e | 54.8cd | 57.9bc | 55.6cd | 60.9ab | 64.1a | 1.66 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.010 |
AMEn | 3.35abc | 3.24d | 3.33bc | 3.36ab | 3.28cd | 3.37ab | 3.40a | 0.02 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.285 | 0.129 |
AMEn, apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen; DM, dry matter; PC, positive control; SEM, standard error of the mean.
1 Negative control, similar to PC except available P and Ca which were less than in PC by 40.0% and 16.8%, respectively.