DM, dry matter; SEA×N, small East African×Norwegian goats; SEA, small East African goats; T0, grazing+hay supplementation; T66, grazing+hay supplementation+66% of ad libitum concentrate; T100, grazing+hay supplementation+100% of ad libitum concentrate; ME, metabolizable energy; FCR, feed conversion ratio.
Variable | Breed (B) | Diet (D) | Significance | |||||
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SEA×N | SEA | T0 | T66 | T100 | B | D | B×D | |
Body weight (kg) | ||||||||
Initial | 16.8±0.5 | 16.6±0.5 | 16.7±0.7 | 16.8±0.6 | 16.5±0.6 | NS | NS | NS |
Final | 19.9±0.5 | 19.4±0.4 | 17.7±0.6b | 20.3±0.5a | 21.0±0.5a | NS | ** | NS |
Hot carcass | 7.9±0.1b | 8.2±0.1a | 7.1±0.1b | 8.3±0.1a | 8.6±0.1a | * | *** | NS |
Dressing percentage (DP) | ||||||||
True DP | 53.3±0.3b | 54.5±0.3a | 52.7±0.5b | 54.1±0.4a | 54.9±0.4a | ** | ** | NS |
Commercial DP | 41.6±0.5b | 43.3±0.5a | 37.2±0.7b | 44.3±0.6a | 45.7±0.6a | * | *** | NS |
EUROP grading(1–15 points) | ||||||||
Conformation | 5.6±0.3 | 5.6±0.3 | 3.5±0.4b | 6.2±0.3a | 7.0±0.4a | NS | *** | NS |
Fatness | 5.7±0.5 | 5.8±0.5 | 2.6±0.7c | 6.2±0.6b | 8.5±0.6a | NS | *** | NS |
Linear carcass measurements (cm) | ||||||||
Carcass length | 51.4±0.3 | 50.5±0.3 | 50.8±0.5 | 51.1±0.4 | 51.0±0.4 | NS | NS | NS |
Carcass depth | 23.3±0.4 | 22.9±0.4 | 23.3±0.5 | 23.1±0.4 | 22.9±0.5 | NS | NS | NS |
Hind leg length | 35.5±0.6 | 36.8±0.6 | 37.9±0.9 | 35.4±0.7 | 35.3±0.8 | NS | NS | * |
Hind leg circumference | 28.6±0.4 | 29.3±0.4 | 26.9±0.5b | 29.7±0.4a | 30.2±0.5a | NS | *** | NS |
SEA×N, small East African×Norwegian goats; SEA, small East African goats; T0, grazing+hay supplementation; T66, grazing+hay supplementation+66% of ad libitum concentrate; T100, grazing+hay supplementation+100% of ad libitum concentrate; NS, non significant.
Variable | Breed (B) | Diet (D) | Significance | |||||
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SEA×N | SEA | T0 | T66 | T100 | B | D | B×D | |
Weights (g) | ||||||||
Kidney fat | 68.0±9.10 | 67.4±8.89 | 26.2±12.74b | 76.26±10.62a | 100.6±10.96a | NS | *** | NS |
Pelvic fat | 63.4±9.52 | 72.3±9.30 | 18.4±13.32b | 78.1±11.10a | 107.0±11.46a | NS | *** | NS |
Mesenteric | 42.6±5.37 | 30.9±5.24 | 21.1±7.51b | 32.4±6.26b | 56.7±6.46a | NS | ** | NS |
Omental fat | 188.1±26.62 | 230.7±26.01 | 92.3±37.26c | 215.5±31.05b | 320.4±32.05a | NS | *** | NS |
Heart fat | 16.0±4.18 | 20.5±4.08 | 7.3±5.85b | 16.2±4.87b | 31.2±5.03a | NS | * | NS |
Scrotal fat | 41.5±6.01 | 46.4±5.88 | 19.9±8.42b | 40.6±7.01b | 71.3±7.24a | NS | *** | NS |
Total fat depots (kg) | 0.4±0.05 | 0.5±0.05 | 0.2±0.07c | 0.5±0.06b | 0.7±0.06a | NS | *** | NS |
Depot % SWT | 2.1±0.23 | 2.3±0.23 | 0.7±0.33c | 2.3±0.27b | 3.4±0.28a | NS | *** | NS |
SEA×N, small East African×Norwegian goats; SEA, small East African goats; T0, grazing+hay supplementation; T66, grazing+hay supplementation+66% of ad libitum concentrate; T100, grazing+hay supplementation+100% of ad libitum concentrate; NS, non significant; SWT, slaughter weight.
Variable | Breed(B) | Diet (D) | Significance | |||||
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SEA×N | SEA | T0 | T66 | T100 | G | D | B×D | |
Carcass physical composition (%) | ||||||||
Muscle | 65.3±0.77 | 66.4±0.75 | 66.8±1.07 | 66.7±0.89 | 63.9±0.92 | NS | NS | NS |
Fat | 9.8±0.62 | 8.4±0.61 | 3.0±0.87c | 9.6±0.73b | 14.7±0.75a | NS | *** | NS |
Bone | 25.0±0.63 | 25.2±0.62 | 30.1±0.89a | 23.7±0.74b | 21.4±0.76c | NS | *** | NS |
Percentage | ||||||||
Moisture | 67.2±0.78 | 67.7±0.76 | 72.9±1.09a | 66.1±0.91b | 63.4±0.94c | NS | *** | NS |
Ash | 3.6±0.13 | 3.5±0.13 | 4.4±0.19a | 3.3±0.16b | 3.0±0.16b | NS | *** | NS |
Protein | 20.4±0.34 | 20.8±0.34 | 22.2±0.48a | 20.2±0.40b | 19.3±0.41b | NS | *** | NS |
Fat | 6.0±0.70 | 5.3±0.69 | 2.3±0.98b | 6.2±0.82a | 8.4±0.85a | NS | *** | NS |
Dry matter | 32.8±0.78 | 32.3±0.76 | 27.1±1.09c | 33.9±0.91b | 36.6±0.94a | NS | *** | NS |
SEA×N, small East African×Norwegian goats; SEA, small East African goats; T0, grazing+hay supplementation; T66, grazing+hay supplementation+66% of ad libitum concentrate; T100, grazing+hay supplementation+100% of ad libitum concentrate; NS, non significant.
Variable | Temperature | pH | ||||
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45 min | 6 h | 24 h | 45 min | 6 h | 24 h | |
Breed (B) | ||||||
SEA×N | 32.8±0.48 | 27.9±0.15 | 4.5±0.16 | 6.5±0.07 | 5.9±0.05 | 5.8±0.05 |
SEA | 32.7±0.47 | 27.6±0.15 | 4.7±0.15 | 6.4±0.07 | 6.0±0.05 | 5.8±0.05 |
Diet (D) | ||||||
T0 | 30.8±0.62b | 26.8±0.21b | 4.8±0.21 | 6.7±0.09a | 6.1±0.07a | 5.9±0.06 |
T66 | 33.4±0.56a | 28.1±0.19a | 4.6±0.19 | 6.3±0.08b | 5.9±0.06ab | 5.8±0.06 |
T100 | 34.0±0.56a | 28.4±0.19a | 4.5±0.19 | 6.3±0.08b | 5.8±0.06b | 5.7±0.06 |
Significance | ||||||
B | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
D | ** | *** | NS | * | * | NS |
B×D | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
SEA×N, small East African×Norwegian goats; SEA, small East African goats; T0, grazing+hay supplementation; T66, grazing+hay supplementation+66% of ad libitum concentrate; T100, grazing+hay supplementation+100% of ad libitum concentrate; min, minutes; h, hour; NS, non significant.
Variable | Thawing loss % | Cooking loss % | Shear force (N) |
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Breed (B) | |||
SEA×N | 5.77±0.16b | 25.69±0.29 | 47.40±0.55 |
SEA | 6.36±0.15a | 25.33±0.28 | 47.94±0.52 |
Diet (D) | |||
T0 | 5.96±0.20 | 25.17±0.37b | 49.32±0.69a |
T66 | 5.97±0.18 | 26.28±0.33a | 47.54±0.62ab |
T100 | 6.26±0.18 | 25.09±0.34b | 46.15±0.64b |
Muscles | |||
LD-0D | 8.61±0.37b | 24.35±0.69d | 42.97±1.31d |
LD-6D | 9.76±0.37ab | 21.76±0.69e | 42.00±1.31d |
LD-9D | 10.26±0.37a | 22.77±0.69de | 36.34±1.31e |
Psoas major | 6.97±0.37c | 28.80±0.69c | 34.96±1.31e |
Rectus abdominis | 1.05±0.37g | 5.54±0.69f | NA |
Triceps branchii | 3.62±0.37f | 27.97±0.69c | 54.90±1.31b |
Infraspinatus | 4.06±0.37ef | 24.79±0.69d | 36.36±1.31e |
Supraspinatus | 5.62±0.37d | 32.09±0.69a | 48.87±1.31c |
Semimembranosus | 8.98±0.37b | 31.30±0.69ab | 65.56±1.31a |
Semitendinosus | 3.87±0.37ef | 28.54±0.69c | 47.18±1.31c |
Vastus lateralis | 4.86±0.37de | 29.53±0.69bc | 58.20±1.31b |
Gluteobiceps | 5.13±0.37d | 28.71±0.69c | 66.66±1.31a |
Significance | |||
Breed(B) | ** | NS | NS |
Diet (D) | NS | * | ** |
Muscle (M) | *** | *** | *** |
B×D | *** | *** | NS |
B×M | NS | NS | NS |
D×M | *** | * | NS |
B×D×M | NS | NS | NS |
SEA×N, small East African×Norwegian goats; SEA, small East African goats; T0, grazing+hay supplementation; T66, grazing+hay supplementation+66% of ad libitum concentrate; T100, grazing+hay supplementation+100% of ad libitum concentrate; LD-0D, Longismuss dorsi unaged; LD-6D, Longismuss dorsi aged for 6 days; LD-9D, Longismuss dorsi aged for 9 days; NA, not analysed; NS, non significant