Anim Biosci > Volume 33(9); 2020 > Article |
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Item | Breeding geese | Offspring |
---|---|---|
Ingredients (%) | ||
Corn | 63.00 | 63.00 |
Soybean meal | 23.00 | 30.20 |
Rice husk | 8.70 | 3.20 |
Methionine | 0.26 | 0.10 |
Salt | 0.30 | 0.30 |
Stone powder | 2.00 | 1.10 |
Calcium hydrogen phosphate | 1.50 | 1.10 |
Choline chloride | 0.24 | - |
Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Nutritional level2) | ||
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) | 11.12 | 11.34 |
Crude protein (%) | 15.54 | 18.98 |
Crude fiber (%) | 5.86 | 4.07 |
Ca (%) | 1.29 | 0.83 |
Total phosphorus (%) | 0.59 | 0.56 |
Effective phosphorus (%) | 0.37 | 0.32 |
Lysine (%) | 0.76 | 0.99 |
Methionine (%) | 0.49 | 0.42 |
Vitamin A (IU/kg) | 1,210.00 | 1,277.00 |
1) Breeding geese per kilogram of premix contains: vitamin D3 225,000 IU, vitamin E 3,600 IU, vitamin K 225 mg, vitamin B1 220 mg, vitamin B2 975 mg, vitamin B6 375 mg, vitamin B12 2.75 mg, nicotinic acid 3,750 mg, pantothenic acid 1,500 mg, folic acid 140 mg, biotin 9.5 mg, choline chloride 55 g, Fe 8 g, Cu 0.5 g, Mn 10 g, Zn 10 g, Se 30 mg, I 125 mg.
Offspring contain per kilogram of premix: vitamin D 400,000 IU, vitamin E 1,800 IU, vitamin K 150 mg, vitamin B1 60 mg, vitamin B2 600 mg, vitamin B6 200 mg, vitamin B12 1 mg, niacin 3,000 mg, D-pantothenic acid 900 mg, folic acid 50 mg, biotin 4 mg, choline 35 g, Fe 6 g, Cu 1 g, Mn 9.5 g, Zn 9 g, Se 30 mg, I 50 mg.
Items | Villus length | Villus width | Crypt depth | Myometrial thickness |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal VA level (IU/kg) | ||||
0 | 579.94b | 100.22b | 175.6a | 201.78c |
4,000 | 585.56b | 107.79b | 164.49ab | 210.73c |
8,000 | 623.56ab | 123.51a | 157.55ab | 243.92ab |
12,000 | 682.75a | 127.26a | 150.31b | 263.71a |
16,000 | 649.15ab | 100.34b | 173.32a | 221.66b |
SEM | 11.10 | 2.50 | 3.05 | 4.54 |
Gosling VA level (IU/kg) | ||||
0 | 593.15b | 111.30 | 162.32 | 229.95 |
9,000 | 655.24a | 112.35 | 166.18 | 226.77 |
SEM | 20.86 | 5.03 | 6.13 | 9.16 |
p-value | ||||
Maternal VA level | 0.012 | <0.001 | 0.040 | <0.001 |
Gosling VA level | 0.004 | 0.836 | 0.531 | 0.729 |
Maternal VA level×gosling VA level interaction | 0.002 | 0.794 | 0.522 | 0.640 |
Linear | 0.002 | 0.184 | 0.363 | 0.001 |
Quadratic | 0.507 | <0.001 | 0.007 | <0.001 |
Items | Villus length | Villus width | Crypt depth | Myometrial thickness |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal VA level (IU/kg) | ||||
0 | 671.60ab | 97.56bc | 197.85a | 213.58b |
4,000 | 695.44ab | 104.89ab | 179.33ab | 211.25b |
8,000 | 722.01a | 114.16a | 168.66b | 268.14a |
12,000 | 720.01a | 116.47a | 146.84c | 262.75a |
16,000 | 650.95b | 90.28c | 197.55a | 226.25b |
SEM | 9.06 | 2.18 | 3.97 | 5.14 |
Gosling VA level (IU/kg) | ||||
0 | 688.87 | 101.99 | 177.67 | 227.04 |
9,000 | 695.03 | 107.35 | 178.42 | 245.75 |
SEM | 18.26 | 4.34 | 8.00 | 10.07 |
p-value | ||||
Maternal VA level | 0.048 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Gosling VA level | 0.737 | 0.221 | 0.926 | 0.068 |
Maternal VA level×gosling VA level interaction | 0.300 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.028 |
Linear | 0.778 | 0.818 | 0.148 | 0.012 |
Quadratic | 0.004 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Items | Villus length | Villus width | Crypt depth | Myometrial thickness |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal VA level (IU/kg) | ||||
0 | 531.92c | 79.57c | 182.62a | 222.16c |
4,000 | 541.68c | 84.14bc | 155.92b | 222.65c |
8,000 | 623.64a | 93.93ab | 155.87b | 284.74a |
12,000 | 603.10ab | 101.03a | 161.61b | 300.43a |
16,000 | 562.65bc | 87bc | 173.20ab | 250.96b |
SEM | 9.05 | 1.79 | 3.04 | 5.49 |
Gosling VA level (IU/kg) | ||||
0 | 561.61 | 83.89b | 156.61b | 250.78 |
9,000 | 583.69 | 94.37a | 175.08a | 261.60 |
SEM | 18.02 | 3.35 | 5.64 | 10.78 |
p-value | ||||
Maternal VA level | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.130 | <0.001 |
Gosling VA level | 0.225 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.328 |
Maternal VA level×gosling VA level interaction | 0.178 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.140 |
Linear | 0.035 | 0.006 | 0.512 | <0.001 |
Quadratic | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
Items | Thymus index | Spleen index | Bursa index |
---|---|---|---|
Maternal VA level (IU/kg) | |||
0 | 2.66d | 1.33ab | 1.17b |
4,000 | 3.14cd | 1.11c | 1.22b |
8,000 | 3.39bc | 1.11c | 1.30ab |
12,000 | 3.92a | 1.47a | 1.42a |
16,000 | 3.80ab | 1.28bc | 1.45a |
SEM | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Gosling VA level (IU/kg) | |||
0 | 3.62a | 1.30 | 1.29 |
9,000 | 3.15b | 1.23 | 1.34 |
SEM | 0.18 | 0.07 | 0.06 |
p-value | |||
Maternal VA level | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.008 |
Gosling VA level | 0.014 | 0.352 | 0.376 |
Maternal VA level ×gosling VA level interaction | 0.002 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Linear | <0.001 | 0.213 | <0.001 |
Quadratic | 0.180 | 0.079 | 0.970 |
Items | IgA | IgG | IgM |
---|---|---|---|
Maternal VA level (IU/kg) | |||
0 | 0.26c | 54.87b | 2.67b |
4,000 | 0.27c | 59.85ab | 2.68b |
8,000 | 0.4b | 60.61a | 3.25a |
12,000 | 0.48a | 62.6a | 3.43a |
16,000 | 0.3c | 58.64ab | 2.24c |
SEM | 0.01 | 0.83 | 0.08 |
Gosling VA level (IU/kg) | |||
0 | 0.36 | 57.1b | 2.81 |
9,000 | 0.32 | 61.53a | 2.9 |
SEM | 0.03 | 1.57 | 0.15 |
p-value | |||
Maternal VA level | <0.001 | 0.042 | <0.001 |
Gosling VA level | 0.14 | 0.007 | 0.522 |
Maternal VA level ×gosling VA level interaction | <0.001 | 0.954 | 0.007 |
Linear | <0.001 | 0.07 | 0.772 |
Quadratic | <0.001 | 0.014 | <0.001 |