Anim Biosci > Volume 33(6); 2020 > Article |
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Items | Control1) | FV-B1) | CA-B1) |
---|---|---|---|
Corn flake | 18.6 | 18 | 20 |
Fruit-vegetable byproduct | - | 20 | - |
Chinese cabbage peel | - | - | 15 |
Cabbage peel | - | - | 15 |
Rice bran | 8 | 7 | 6 |
Perilla meal | 7 | 7 | 6 |
Lupine | 5 | 6 | 5.4 |
Wheat bran | 5 | 2 | 4 |
Alfalfa | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Timothy | 17.8 | 17 | 17 |
Water | 27 | 10.4 | - |
Vitamin-mineral mix | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Limestone | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Salt | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 |
1) Control, 0% of fruit or vegetable byproduct in TMR; FV-B, 20% of fruit-vegetable byproducts including various types of fruits and vegetables (orange, apple, tomatoes, onion, bok choy, bell pepper, etc.) in TMR; CA-B, 30% of byproducts including Chinese cabbage peels (15%) and cabbage peels (15%) in TMR.
Items | Control1) | FV-B1) | CA-B1) |
---|---|---|---|
Dry matter | 63.81 | 64.39 | 66.20 |
Crude protein | 16.37 | 17.22 | 16.32 |
Ether extract | 5.83 | 6.17 | 5.30 |
Ash | 8.08 | 8.00 | 8.49 |
Neutral detergent fiber | 40.82 | 38.08 | 39.75 |
Acid detergent fiber | 24.35 | 22.91 | 22.76 |
Acid detergent lignin | 5.52 | 5.36 | 5.31 |
Neutral detergent insoluble crude protein | 4.55 | 4.34 | 4.35 |
Acid detergent insoluble crude protein | 1.25 | 1.05 | 1.13 |
Total digestible nutrients | 72.08 | 73.41 | 71.77 |
1) Control, 0% of fruit or vegetable byproduct in TMR; FV-B, 20% of fruit-vegetable byproducts including various types of fruits and vegetables (orange, apple, tomatoes, onion, bok choy, bell pepper, etc.) in TMR; CA-B, 30% of byproducts including Chinese cabbage peels (15%) and cabbage peels (15%) in TMR.
Items | Cabbage byproduct1) | Chinese cabbage byproduct1) | Fruit-vegetable byproduct1) | |||
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Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Dry matter | 9.60 | 0.74 | 6.25 | 0.83 | 14.81 | 0.49 |
Crude protein | 18.69 | 0.53 | 20.20 | 0.60 | 10.07 | 0.33 |
Ether extract | 2.11 | 0.17 | 2.04 | 0.81 | 2.63 | 0.26 |
Crude fiber | 13.51 | 1.42 | 13.80 | 1.49 | 7.59 | 0.42 |
Ash | 13.67 | 0.87 | 29.15 | 3.85 | 6.65 | 0.36 |
Neutral detergent fiber | 22.31 | 4.67 | 28.83 | 3.61 | 13.94 | 3.24 |
Acid detergent fiber | 15.73 | 3.26 | 17.73 | 4.29 | 12.14 | 0.74 |
Acid detergent lignin | 1.90 | 0.91 | 4.63 | 1.47 | 4.62 | 0.40 |
Neutral detergent insoluble crude protein | 2.85 | 1.01 | 4.59 | 1.12 | - | - |
Acid detergent insoluble crude protein | 0.96 | 0.16 | 1.19 | 0.14 | - | - |
Non-fiber carbohydrate | 44.93 | 5.09 | 24.69 | 4.88 | 66.72 | 3.28 |
Total digestible nutrient | 73.30 | 2.62 | 53.53 | 5.56 | 79.53 | 0.89 |
Items | Cabbage byproduct1) | Chinese cabbage byproduct1) | Fruit-vegetable byproduct1) | SEM |
---|---|---|---|---|
Time (h) | ||||
0 | 32.64a | 33.34a | 42.25b | 0.69 |
4 | 51.48a | 49.97a | 68.35b | 1.97 |
8 | 56.43b | 51.15a | 74.03c | 1.14 |
12 | 58.10b | 53.56a | 81.58c | 1.35 |
24 | 78.36a | 83.05a | 92.72b | 1.68 |
48 | 95.03b | 90.29a | 95.61b | 0.42 |
72 | 93.62b | 90.99a | 95.79c | 0.46 |
96 | 92.54b | 90.99a | 95.01c | 0.40 |
120 | 91.08a | 90.01a | 96.10b | 0.65 |
Degradation characteristics of DM and ED2) | ||||
a | 34.47b | 26.32a | 50.20c | 1.33 |
b | 56.61b | 63.90c | 45.24a | 1.03 |
c | 0.060a | 0.076b | 0.129c | <0.01 |
a+b | 91.08a | 90.22a | 95.44b | 0.63 |
ED | 68.47a | 68.09a | 84.69b | 0.86 |
1) Cabbage and Chinese cabbage byproducts, mainly contain outer peels of the vegetable; Fruit-vegetable byproduct, contains byproduct from various types of fruits and vegetables.
Items | Cabbage byproduct1) | Chinese cabbage byproduct1) | FV-B1) | SEM |
---|---|---|---|---|
Time (h) | ||||
0 | 49.94b | 46.10a | 47.87a | 0.46 |
4 | 49.87a | 51.00a | 53.59b | 0.64 |
8 | 50.37a | 53.35ab | 57.06b | 0.64 |
12 | 52.22a | 56.52b | 58.46b | 0.56 |
24 | 64.38a | 65.01a | 70.01b | 1.43 |
48 | 67.85a | 66.05a | 86.34b | 0.71 |
72 | 65.19a | 64.76a | 90.55b | 0.47 |
96 | 66.08a | 66.74a | 89.23b | 0.65 |
120 | 65.63a | 66.42a | 91.52b | 0.38 |
Degradation characteristics of NDF and ED2) | ||||
a | 48.72a | 47.35a | 75.18b | 1.11 |
b | 16.91 | 19.07 | 16.34 | 1.02 |
c | 0.030a | 0.025a | 0.072b | 0.01 |
a+b | 65.63a | 66.42a | 91.52b | 0.38 |
ED | 55.97a | 54.22a | 85.62b | 0.78 |
1) Cabbage and Chinese cabbage byproducts mainly contain outer peels of the vegetable (n = 7) and fruit-vegetable byproduct contains byproduct from various types of fruits and vegetables (n = 7).
Items | Treatments1) | SEM | p-value | ||
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Control | FV-B | CA-B | |||
BW (kg) | |||||
0 wk | 288.8 | 310.9 | 282.1 | 23.044 | 0.068 |
4th wk | 335.0 | 357.9 | 331.6 | 24.629 | 0.109 |
8th wk | 370.7 | 392.0 | 359.6 | 23.749 | 0.154 |
12th wk | 399.2 | 411.6 | 389.9 | 24.954 | 0.399 |
DMI (kg/d) | |||||
1st period2) | 6.90 | 7.67 | 7.41 | 0.562 | 0.382 |
2nd period | 7.16 | 7.61 | 7.23 | 0.674 | 0.481 |
3rd period | 7.25 | 7.81 | 7.28 | 0.531 | 0.071 |
Whole period | 7.06 | 7.63 | 7.15 | 0.585 | 0.180 |
ADG (kg/d) | |||||
1st period | 1.74 | 1.60 | 1.69 | 0.149 | 0.803 |
2nd period | 1.15 | 1.28 | 1.04 | 0.076 | 0.152 |
3rd period | 0.87 | 0.96 | 1.27 | 0.156 | 0.283 |
Whole period | 1.26 | 1.25 | 1.34 | 0.122 | 0.859 |
FCR (F/G) | |||||
1st period | 4.17 | 5.02 | 4.47 | 0.560 | 0.553 |
2nd period | 6.47 | 6.11 | 7.46 | 0.756 | 0.464 |
3rd period | 8.50 | 7.97 | 7.48 | 1.288 | 0.859 |
Whole period | 5.87 | 6.36 | 5.80 | 0.760 | 0.756 |
Items | Control1) | FV-B1) | CA-B1) | SEM |
---|---|---|---|---|
Time (h) | ||||
0 | 31.03 | 32.77 | 31.69 | 0.61 |
4 | 36.77 | 37.47 | 37.24 | 0.44 |
8 | 40.59 | 41.31 | 39.78 | 0.71 |
12 | 53.66 | 52.14 | 54.39 | 1.77 |
24 | 69.85 | 70.46 | 68.67 | 1.90 |
48 | 80.68 | 81.02 | 80.11 | 0.87 |
72 | 82.54 | 82.34 | 82.70 | 0.84 |
96 | 83.14 | 83.68 | 83.18 | 0.57 |
120 | 85.82 | 86.06 | 85.19 | 0.30 |
Degradation characteristics of DM and ED2) | ||||
a | 38.02 | 38.32 | 35.93 | 0.45 |
b | 47.81 | 47.75 | 49.26 | 0.57 |
c | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.038 | 0.01 |
a+b | 85.83 | 86.07 | 85.19 | 0.38 |
ED | 60.26 | 60.69 | 59.90 | 0.78 |
Items | Control1) | FV-B1) | CA-B1) | SEM |
---|---|---|---|---|
Time (h) | ||||
0 | 56.40 | 58.94 | 62.84 | 1.44 |
4 | 60.43 | 62.37 | 63.98 | 1.72 |
8 | 63.78 | 63.96 | 65.23 | 1.68 |
12 | 65.17 | 65.45 | 68.25 | 0.98 |
24 | 71.45 | 70.11 | 70.35 | 1.68 |
48 | 84.05 | 82.71 | 83.40 | 0.96 |
72 | 84.71 | 84.10 | 83.49 | 0.73 |
96 | 85.60 | 83.84 | 86.29 | 0.42 |
120 | 84.60 | 84.27 | 85.51 | 1.16 |
Degradation characteristics of NDF and ED2) | ||||
a | 56.91 | 58.58 | 60.02 | 1.34 |
b | 27.68 | 25.69 | 25.49 | 1.35 |
c | 0.032 | 0.036 | 0.044 | 0.01 |
a+b | 84.60 | 84.27 | 85.51 | 1.16 |
ED | 69.00 | 70.78 | 72.81 | 1.11 |