Anim Biosci > Volume 30(12); 2017 > Article |
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No.2) | No.3) | Source of soybean | Plants4) | Location of plants in China | Dehulled/regular5) | Special processing |
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2 | 1 | China | A1 | Heilongjiang | Regular | |
3 | 2 | China | A2 | Heilongjiang | Regular | |
4 | 3 | China | B1 | Heilongjiang | Regular | |
5 | 4 | China | B2 | Heilongjiang | Dehulled | |
6 | 5 | China | C | Hebei | Dehulled | |
7 | 6 | USA | D | Jiangsu | Regular | |
9 | 7 | USA | E | Shandong | Regular | |
10 | 8 | USA | F | Henan | Regular | |
11 | 9 | USA | G | Shandong | Regular | |
12 | 10 | USA | H1 | Tianjin | Regular | Soapstock added6) |
13 | 11 | Brazil | I1 | Guangdong | Regular | |
14 | 12 | Brazil | I2 | Guangdong | Regular | |
15 | 13 | Brazil | I3 | Guangdong | Dehulled | |
17 | 14 | Brazil | J | Shandong | Regular | |
18 | 15 | Brazil | H2 | Tianjin | Dehulled |
DM, dry matter; GE, gross energy; CP, crude protein; EE, ether extract; AEE, acid hydrolysed ether extract; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber; CF, crude fiber.
1) Data adjusted from Li et al [2].
Items | China | USA | Brazil | N-free diet | ||||||||||||
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ||
Ingredients | ||||||||||||||||
SBM | 42.99 | 43.20 | 44.08 | 40.29 | 39.35 | 42.43 | 40.38 | 42.83 | 44.03 | 41.47 | 43.95 | 41.64 | 39.96 | 43.53 | 42.08 | 0.00 |
Corn starch | 42.01 | 41.80 | 40.92 | 44.71 | 45.65 | 42.57 | 44.62 | 42.17 | 40.97 | 43.53 | 41.05 | 43.36 | 45.04 | 41.47 | 42.92 | 73.35 |
Sucrose | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 15.00 |
Soybean oil | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 |
Limestone | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.50 |
Dicalcium phosphate | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 2.50 |
Sodium chloride | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.45 |
Chromic oxide | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
Cellulose acetate | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.00 |
Potassium carbonate | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.30 |
Magnesium oxide | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 |
Mineral and vitamin premix1) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
Analyzed composition (%) | ||||||||||||||||
DM | 89.82 | 90.11 | 89.52 | 89.82 | 90.08 | 90.07 | 89.61 | 89.71 | 89.84 | 89.89 | 89.55 | 89.65 | 89.61 | 89.97 | 89.83 | 89.47 |
CP | 19.75 | 18.99 | 19.05 | 19.30 | 18.60 | 19.35 | 19.06 | 18.81 | 18.59 | 19.04 | 19.20 | 19.71 | 19.81 | 19.51 | 19.57 | 0.49 |
EE | 2.41 | 2.15 | 1.21 | 1.58 | 1.93 | 2.37 | 1.79 | 2.58 | 2.63 | 3.10 | 1.72 | 1.64 | 1.55 | 2.52 | 2.86 | 1.50 |
AEE | 2.85 | 2.59 | 1.70 | 1.98 | 2.47 | 2.82 | 2.22 | 2.98 | 3.04 | 3.45 | 2.24 | 2.12 | 2.06 | 2.97 | 3.38 | 2.09 |
NDF | 6.18 | 6.85 | 6.39 | 4.74 | 3.19 | 5.14 | 4.72 | 7.72 | 7.46 | 6.60 | 7.83 | 5.48 | 5.63 | 6.91 | 6.56 | 3.62 |
ADF | 2.95 | 2.97 | 2.84 | 1.44 | 0.91 | 2.38 | 2.30 | 2.42 | 3.06 | 2.39 | 4.18 | 2.64 | 2.31 | 3.38 | 2.75 | 2.35 |
SBM, soybean meal; DM, dry matter; CP, crude protein; EE, ether extract; AEE, acid hydrolysed ether extract; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber.
1) Vitamin-mineral premix supplied the following per kg of diet: vitamin A, 5,512 IU; vitamin D3, 2,200 IU; vitamin E, 30 IU; vitamin K3, 2.2 mg; vitamin B12, 27.6 μg; riboflavin, 4 mg; pantothenic acid, 14 mg; niacin, 30 mg; choline chloride, 400 mg; folic acid, 0.7 mg; thiamine, 1.5 mg; pyridoxine, 3 mg; biotin, 44 μg; Mn (MnO), 40 mg; Fe (FeSO4·H2O), 75 mg; Zn (ZnO), 75 mg; Cu (CuSO4·5H2O), 100 mg; I (KI), 0.3 mg; Se (Na2SeO3), 0.3 mg.
Items | China (n = 5) | SA (n = 5) | Brazil (n = 5) | SEM | p-value2) | |||||||||
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Mean | Minimum | Maximum | p-value1) | Mean | Minimum | Maximum | p-value1) | Mean | Minimum | Maximum | p-value1) | |||
CP | 80.45 | 77.29 | 82.30 | 0.14 | 80.87 | 78.77 | 82.66 | 0.28 | 79.45 | 78.69 | 80.09 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.59 |
Indispensable AA | ||||||||||||||
Arginine | 93.45 | 92.82 | 94.14 | 0.89 | 93.36 | 92.93 | 93.86 | 0.97 | 92.43 | 92.24 | 92.75 | 1.00 | 0.43 | 0.22 |
Histidine | 88.35 | 86.60 | 89.79 | 0.41 | 88.53 | 87.35 | 90.23 | 0.34 | 86.62 | 85.96 | 87.06 | 0.98 | 0.84 | 0.24 |
Leucine | 85.43 | 83.63 | 86.98 | 0.40 | 85.09 | 83.75 | 87.23 | 0.21 | 83.56 | 82.45 | 84.27 | 0.75 | 0.88 | 0.31 |
Isoleucine | 85.38 | 83.47 | 86.77 | 0.37 | 85.58 | 84.30 | 87.63 | 0.22 | 84.18 | 83.07 | 84.87 | 0.61 | 0.82 | 0.45 |
Lysine | 86.91x | 85.14 | 88.30 | 0.22 | 87.49x | 86.17 | 89.56 | 0.10 | 84.85y | 84.13 | 85.52 | 0.87 | 0.80 | 0.09 |
Methionine | 88.17 | 85.28 | 90.29 | 0.07 | 88.33 | 85.77 | 89.89 | 0.30 | 87.78 | 86.99 | 89.66 | 0.82 | 1.27 | 0.95 |
Phenylalanine | 83.50 | 81.41 | 85.27 | 0.18 | 84.56 | 83.03 | 87.31 | 0.05 | 82.76 | 81.66 | 83.54 | 0.69 | 0.94 | 0.43 |
Threonine | 78.03 | 76.68 | 80.16 | 0.59 | 78.26 | 76.23 | 81.94 | 0.14 | 75.91 | 74.94 | 76.67 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 0.20 |
Tryptophan | 82.37 | 80.87 | 84.05 | 0.52 | 81.79 | 80.15 | 84.01 | 0.46 | 81.58 | 79.13 | 83.20 | 0.66 | 1.12 | 0.87 |
Valine | 83.44 | 81.18 | 85.34 | 0.38 | 82.74 | 82.04 | 84.71 | 0.63 | 80.50 | 78.75 | 81.69 | 0.58 | 0.98 | 0.13 |
Dispensable AA | ||||||||||||||
Alanine | 80.54 | 78.64 | 82.20 | 0.52 | 80.38 | 79.63 | 81.89 | 0.92 | 78.72 | 77.94 | 79.80 | 0.90 | 1.07 | 0.43 |
Aspartate | 83.87 | 82.36 | 85.50 | 0.31 | 83.77 | 81.75 | 86.25 | 0.18 | 82.21 | 81.63 | 83.60 | 0.76 | 0.91 | 0.38 |
Cysteine | 76.86 | 72.70 | 79.65 | 0.04 | 73.98 | 72.89 | 75.32 | 0.91 | 75.28 | 72.48 | 77.13 | 0.48 | 1.39 | 0.37 |
Glutamine | 84.76 | 84.38 | 85.45 | 0.99 | 83.63 | 82.97 | 85.39 | 0.87 | 84.78 | 83.33 | 86.83 | 0.50 | 1.06 | 0.69 |
Glycine | 73.04 | 70.93 | 76.13 | 0.71 | 73.39 | 69.68 | 79.42 | 0.11 | 69.48 | 67.53 | 71.07 | 0.87 | 1.92 | 0.32 |
Proline | 84.66 | 82.41 | 86.37 | 0.41 | 83.52 | 81.43 | 86.01 | 0.31 | 82.77 | 81.29 | 83.99 | 0.62 | 1.06 | 0.47 |
Serine | 83.09 | 80.54 | 84.95 | 0.16 | 82.73 | 81.01 | 85.58 | 0.15 | 81.32 | 80.28 | 82.03 | 0.82 | 0.95 | 0.41 |
Tyrosine | 86.30 | 83.83 | 88.25 | 0.46 | 86.90 | 83.52 | 90.17 | 0.05 | 84.37 | 81.99 | 86.70 | 0.45 | 1.37 | 0.42 |
Items | China (n = 5) | USA (n = 5) | Brazil (n = 5) | SEM | p-value2) | |||||||||
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Mean | Minimum | Maximum | p-value1) | Mean | Minimum | Maximum | p-value1) | Mean | Minimum | Maximum | p-value1) | |||
CP | 85.36 | 82.19 | 87.25 | 0.13 | 84.21 | 82.13 | 85.95 | 0.29 | 83.05 | 82.29 | 83.76 | 0.92 | 0.98 | 0.29 |
Indispensable AA | ||||||||||||||
Arginine | 95.17 | 94.50 | 95.82 | 0.89 | 94.86 | 94.45 | 95.28 | 0.98 | 94.20 | 94.02 | 94.47 | 1.00 | 0.43 | 0.31 |
Histidine | 90.60 | 88.80 | 92.03 | 0.40 | 89.95 | 88.75 | 91.56 | 0.37 | 88.21 | 87.57 | 88.69 | 0.98 | 0.83 | 0.16 |
Leucine | 88.38 | 86.55 | 89.92 | 0.40 | 87.13 | 85.75 | 89.20 | 0.21 | 85.78 | 84.70 | 86.55 | 0.76 | 0.88 | 0.15 |
Isoleucine | 88.41 | 86.49 | 89.79 | 0.37 | 87.65 | 86.32 | 89.63 | 0.23 | 86.47 | 85.38 | 87.23 | 0.62 | 0.81 | 0.27 |
Lysine | 89.21x | 87.40 | 90.56 | 0.22 | 89.25x | 87.97 | 91.25 | 0.11 | 86.85y | 86.16 | 87.56 | 0.88 | 0.80 | 0.09 |
Methionine | 90.78 | 88.24 | 92.74 | 0.11 | 89.57 | 87.01 | 90.94 | 0.31 | 89.58 | 88.81 | 91.50 | 0.81 | 1.25 | 0.74 |
Phenylalanine | 86.81 | 84.93 | 88.52 | 0.22 | 87.26 | 85.83 | 89.74 | 0.08 | 85.45 | 84.38 | 86.32 | 0.70 | 0.91 | 0.38 |
Threonine | 84.07x | 82.16 | 86.62 | 0.31 | 82.79xy | 79.12 | 85.96 | 0.21 | 80.46y | 79.48 | 81.86 | 0.91 | 1.09 | 0.09 |
Tryptophan | 86.68 | 84.93 | 88.45 | 0.50 | 85.14 | 83.67 | 87.19 | 0.52 | 85.27 | 83.05 | 86.72 | 0.72 | 1.10 | 0.56 |
Valine | 87.12a | 84.83 | 88.99 | 0.38 | 85.19ab | 84.43 | 87.22 | 0.57 | 83.30b | 81.62 | 84.54 | 0.60 | 0.99 | 0.04 |
Dispensable AA | ||||||||||||||
Alanine | 85.27 | 83.31 | 86.92 | 0.51 | 83.83 | 83.05 | 85.50 | 0.91 | 82.54 | 81.83 | 83.69 | 0.90 | 1.07 | 0.24 |
Aspartate | 86.50 | 84.95 | 88.11 | 0.31 | 85.58 | 83.61 | 87.98 | 0.19 | 84.24 | 83.59 | 85.69 | 0.73 | 0.91 | 0.25 |
Cysteine | 83.99x | 79.43 | 86.53 | 0.02 | 79.31y | 78.06 | 80.65 | 0.90 | 81.14y | 78.64 | 82.71 | 0.59 | 1.39 | 0.09 |
Glutamine | 86.83 | 86.42 | 87.51 | 0.99 | 85.11 | 84.45 | 86.86 | 0.88 | 86.48 | 84.97 | 88.57 | 0.48 | 1.06 | 0.50 |
Glycine | 82.47x | 80.19 | 85.46 | 0.71 | 79.66xy | 76.29 | 84.98 | 0.19 | 75.93y | 73.79 | 77.50 | 0.85 | 1.86 | 0.08 |
Proline | 94.50a | 92.81 | 96.12 | 0.58 | 86.75b | 84.80 | 89.08 | 0.35 | 88.43b | 87.17 | 89.59 | 0.69 | 1.02 | <0.01 |
Serine | 87.44 | 84.83 | 89.28 | 0.15 | 85.61 | 83.89 | 88.29 | 0.17 | 84.38 | 83.38 | 85.04 | 0.83 | 0.94 | 0.11 |
Tyrosine | 88.91 | 86.48 | 90.78 | 0.51 | 88.66 | 85.50 | 91.67 | 0.07 | 86.33 | 83.95 | 88.67 | 0.45 | 1.34 | 0.36 |
CP, crude protein; AA, amino acid; SEM, standard error of the means; SBM, soybean meal; DM, dry matter.
The basal ileal endogenous losses were determined (g/kg DM) as CP, 8.45; arginine, 0.28; histidine, 0.10; leucine,0.38; isoleucine, 0.22; lysine, 0.26; methionine, 0.05; phenylalanine, 0.29; threonine, 0.39; tryptophan, 0.10; valine, 0.27; alanine, 0.40; aspartic acid, 0.48; cystine, 0.21; glutamic acid, 0.66; glycine, 0.53; proline, 0.62; serine, 0.32; tyrosine, 0.10.
Linear regression equations | R2 | C(p)1) | AIC | RMSE | p-value | |
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No. | ||||||
1 | AID nitrogen = 0.74 sucrose+76.61 | 0.28 | - | 10.80 | 1.35 | 0.04 |
2 | AID lysine = 1.16 sucrose−1.81 raffinose+82.10 | 0.69 | −0.62 | 2.67 | 1.00 | <0.01 |
3 | AID threonine = 1.57 sucrose−1.16 ether extract+70.81 | 0.73 | −3.50 | 6.51 | 1.14 | <0.01 |
4 | AID tryptophan = 18.73 tryptophan−3.66 ash+94.51 | 0.48 | 1.29 | 5.53 | 1.10 | 0.02 |
5 | AID valine = 1.03 sucrose−3.63 raffinose+79.98 | 0.65 | 0.53 | 7.04 | 1.16 | <0.01 |
6 | SID nitrogen = 0.87 sucrose−1.53 ether extract+81.49 | 0.43 | - | 12.24 | 1.38 | 0.04 |
7 | SID lysine = 1.14 sucrose−1.93 raffinose−0.99 ether extract+85.26 | 0.77 | 1.16 | −1.11 | 0.86 | <0.01 |
8 | SID methionine = −0.45 CP−0.70 ADF+117.39 | 0.40 | 2.62 | 11.10 | 1.33 | <0.01 |
9 | SID threonine = 1.59 sucrose−3.67 raffinose+77.31 | 0.70 | −1.98 | 11.64 | 1.35 | <0.01 |
10 | SID tryptophan = −1.40 ether extract−3.27 ash+108.77 | 0.59 | −0.68 | 4.29 | 1.06 | <0.01 |
11 | SID valine = 1.04 sucrose−4.48 raffinose−1.42 ether extract+84.89 | 0.74 | 2.59 | 7.91 | 1.16 | <0.01 |
AA, amino acid; DM, dry matter; AIC, Akaike information criterion, which measures the fit of the model and smaller AIC is a better fit of the model; RMSE, root mean square error is a measure of precision; AID, apparent ileal digestibility; CP, crude protein; ADF, acid detergent fiber; SID, standardised ileal digestibility.
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