Anim Biosci > Volume 28(10); 2015 > Article |
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Item | Low NFC/NDF | High NFC/NDF | ||
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High UDP | Low UDP | High UDP | Low UDP | |
Ingredient | ||||
Ground corn | 28.72 | 32.57 | 50.59 | 57.29 |
Soybean meal | 0.00 | 5.50 | 0.00 | 0.25 |
Chinese wildrye hay | 60.00 | 60.00 | 40.00 | 40.00 |
Corn gluten meal | 10.00 | 0.00 | 7.90 | 0.00 |
Urea | 0.00 | 0.65 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
CaHPO4 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.00 |
Limestone | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.60 | 0.80 |
NaCl | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
Premixa | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
Chemical component | ||||
DM (% as fed) | 89.72 | 89.65 | 88.85 | 88.11 |
OM (% of DM) | 93.67 | 92.91 | 94.62 | 94.75 |
GE (KJ/g of DM) | 18.32 | 18.47 | 18.43 | 18.50 |
CP (% of DM) | 10.42 | 10.46 | 10.40 | 10.49 |
EE (% of DM) | 2.66 | 2.60 | 3.17 | 3.21 |
RDP (% of DM)b | 4.85 | 6.41 | 4.74 | 6.65 |
UDP (% of DM)c | 5.57 | 4.04 | 5.68 | 3.96 |
UDP/CP | 0.53 | 0.39 | 0.55 | 0.37 |
NDF (% of DM) | 41.33 | 39.19 | 30.52 | 29.58 |
ADF (% of DM) | 24.10 | 23.94 | 17.09 | 16.60 |
NFC (% of DM)d | 39.26 | 40.66 | 50.53 | 51.47 |
NFC/NDF | 0.95 | 1.04 | 1.65 | 1.74 |
NFC, non-fibrous carbohydrates; NDF, neutral detergent fibre; UDP, undegraded dietary protein; DM, dry matter; OM, organic matter; GE, gross energy; CP, crude protein; EE, ether extract; RDP, rumen-degraded protein; ADF, acid-detergent fibre.
a Manufactured by the Precision Animal Nutrition Research Centre, Beijing, China. One kilogram of mineral premix contained the following: CuSO4·5H20, 26,000 mg; FeSO4, 110,000 mg; MnSO4·H2O, 93,000 mg; ZnSO4·H2O, 190,000 mg; KI, 70,000 mg; Na2SeO3, 42,000 mg; CoCl2, 20,000 mg. One kilogram of vitamin premix contained the following: vitamin A 190,000,000 IU; vitamin D3 720,000,000 IU; vitamin E 17,000 IU.
b RDP were estimated using an in situ method by incubating samples in the rumen for 72 h as described by Volden and Harstad (1995).
d NFC = OM–CP–EE–NDF (Hall, 2000).
Item | Low NFC/NDF | High NFC/NDF | SEM | p-value | ||||
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High UDP | Low UDP | High UDP | Low UDP | NFC/NDF | UDP | Interactiona | ||
Intake (g/d) | ||||||||
OM | 1,395.8 | 1,501.0 | 1,349.3 | 1,460.3 | 143.0 | 0.82 | 0.002 | 0.27 |
CP | 155.3 | 169.0 | 148.3 | 161.7 | 12.43 | 0.17 | 0.005 | 0.22 |
EE | 39.64 | 42.00 | 45.20 | 49.47 | 2.49 | 0.04 | 0.30 | 0.61 |
NDF | 615.9 | 633.1 | 435.2 | 455.9 | 40.5 | 0.009 | 0.36 | 0.54 |
ADF | 359.1 | 386.8 | 243.7 | 255.8 | 20.4 | 0.004 | 0.41 | 0.52 |
Total-tract digestibility (%) | ||||||||
OM | 55.90 | 57.92 | 63.38 | 64.57 | 1.31 | 0.005 | 0.43 | 0.84 |
CP | 65.13 | 66.82 | 66.24 | 67.50 | 1.47 | 0.67 | 0.79 | 0.95 |
EE | 71.58 | 72.18 | 80.38 | 81.86 | 1.52 | 0.005 | 0.54 | 0.75 |
NDF | 51.89 | 52.98 | 51.04 | 55.62 | 2.07 | 0.85 | 0.56 | 0.72 |
ADF | 47.93 | 48.77 | 34.49 | 37.66 | 2.17 | <0.001 | 0.25 | 0.54 |
Ruminal digestibility (%) | ||||||||
OM | 40.74 | 40.15 | 39.84 | 39.17 | 0.37 | 0.65 | 0.47 | 0.52 |
CP | 11.8 | 21.6 | −0.40 | 12.4 | 1.75 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
EE | 46.17 | 43.58 | 41.16 | 43.61 | 1.36 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0.26 |
NDF | 50.83 | 51.01 | 42.63 | 40.86 | 1.77 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.33 |
ADF | 44.92 | 44.59 | 35.04 | 36.91 | 4.01 | <0.001 | 0.26 | 0.41 |
Post-ruminal digestibility (%) | ||||||||
OM | 15.17 | 17.77 | 23.55 | 25.40 | 2.02 | <0.001 | 0.23 | 0.31 |
CP | 53.4 | 45.2 | 66.6 | 55.1 | 3.13 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
EE | 25.38 | 28.55 | 39.27 | 38.23 | 1.98 | 0.65 | 0.54 | 0.75 |
NDF | 1.06 | 1.98 | 8.41 | 14.75 | 3.02 | <0.001 | 0.13 | 0.33 |
ADF | 3.02 | 4.19 | −0.55 | 0.75 | 0.91 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.41 |
Item | Low NFC/NDF | High NFC/NDF | SEM | p-value | ||||
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High UDP | Low UDP | High UDP | Low UDP | NFC/NDF | UDP | Interactiona | ||
pH | 6.15 | 6.07 | 5.87 | 5.90 | 0.05 | <0.001 | 0.53 | 0.34 |
NH3-N (mg/100 mL) | 11.0 | 16.7 | 8.6 | 11.2 | 1.08 | 0.008 | <0.001 | 0.005 |
Total VFA (mmol) | 92.7 | 96.9 | 103.2 | 105.7 | 2.32 | <0.001 | 0.27 | 0.51 |
VFA (mol/100 mol) | ||||||||
Acetate | 65.6 | 65.6 | 59.9 | 61.1 | 0.42 | 0.007 | 0.13 | 0.25 |
Propionate | 18.1 | 17.8 | 21.8 | 20.4 | 0.49 | <0.001 | 0.23 | 0.42 |
Butyrate | 14.1 | 14.0 | 15.6 | 16.1 | 0.21 | 0.003 | 0.35 | 0.31 |
Isobutyrate | 0.65 | 0.79 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.06 | 0.30 | 0.16 | 0.47 |
Valerate | 0.67 | 0.79 | 1.11 | 0.80 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.17 |
Isovalerate | 0.93 | 1.03 | 1.01 | 0.94 | 0.08 | 0.84 | 0.54 | 0.43 |
Acetate/propionate | 3.61 | 3.65 | 2.80 | 3.03 | 0.10 | <0.001 | 0.37 | 0.31 |
Item | Low NFC/NDF | High NFC/NDF | SEM | p-value | ||||
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High UDP | Low UDP | High UDP | Low UDP | NFC/NDF | UDP | Interactiona | ||
Duodenal flow (g/d) | ||||||||
Total NAN | 21.92 | 21.20 | 23.82 | 22.88 | 0.24 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.37 |
Microbial N | 8.08 | 10.27 | 10.38 | 12.14 | 0.40 | 0.007 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
Undegraded dietary N | 13.28 | 10.45 | 12.96 | 9.76 | 0.41 | 0.43 | <0.001 | 0.45 |
Endogenous Nb | 0.55 | 0.48 | 0.63 | 0.96 | 0.032 | 0.52 | 0.57 | 0.55 |
Metabolisable Nc | 11.62 | 9.50 | 13.73 | 11.78 | 0.34 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
Faecal N (g/d) | 10.30 | 11.70 | 10.10 | 11.10 | 0.14 | 0.49 | 0.16 | 0.27 |
Urinary N (g/d) | 10.70 | 12.99 | 6.50 | 7.52 | 0.62 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.45 |
Metabolisable N/Total NAN (%) | 65.5 | 57.0 | 69.2 | 63.4 | 1.18 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 0.49 |
Metabolisable N/Digestible N (%) | 62.1 | 47.8 | 77.8 | 60.9 | 4.07 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.01 |
Metabolisable N/N intake (%) | 46.7 | 35.1 | 57.8 | 45.1 | 2.35 | 0.01 | 0.006 | 0.01 |
NFC, non-fibrous carbohydrates; NDF, neutral detergent fibre; SEM, scanning electron microscope; UDP, undegraded dietary protein; NAN, non-ammonia N.
b Endogenous N were calculated as 2.8 g/kg DMI according to Bartram (1987).