Alexander G. 1962. Temperature regulation in the new-born lamb. IV. The effect of wind and evaporation of water from the coat on metabolic rate and body temperature. Aust J Agric Res 13:82–99.
Aliyari D, Moeini MM, Shahir MH, Sirijani MA. 2012. Effect of body condition score, live weight and age on reproductive performance of Afshari ewes. Asian J Anim Vet Adv 7:904–909.
Al-Sabbagh TA, Swanson LV, Thompson JM. 1995. The effect of ewe body condition at lambing on colostral immunoglobulin G concentration and lamb performance. J Anim Sci 73:2860–2864.
Al-Sabbagh T. 2009. Colostral immunoglobulin as affected by nutritional status in Border Leicester Merino ewes deliver at Kuwait. Global Vet 3:281–285.
Corner RA, Kenyon PR, Stafford KJ, West DM, Lopez-Villalobos N, Morris ST, Oliver MH. 2008. Effect of nutrition from mid to late pregnancy on the performance of twin- and triplet-bearing ewes and their lambs. Aust J Exp Agric 48:666–671.
Everts H. 1990. Feeding strategy during pregnancy for ewes with a large litter size. 1. Effect of quantity and composition of concentrates on intake and reproductive performance. Netherlands J Agric Sci 38:527–540.
Everett-Hincks JM, Dodds KG. 2009. Management of maternal-offspring behavior to improve lamb survival in easy care sheep systems. J Anim Sci 86:E259–270.
Forbes JM. 1968. The physical relationships of the abdominal organs in the pregnant ewe. J Agric Sci 70:171–177.
Gibb MJ, Treacher TT. 1980. The effect of ewe body condition at lambing on the performance of ewes and their lambs at pasture. J Agric Sci 95:631–640.
Gibb MJ, Treacher TT. 1982. The effect of body condition and nutrition during late pregnancy on the performance of grazing ewes during lactation. Anim Prod 34:123–129.
Hodgson J, Matthews PNP, Matthew C, Lucas RJ. 1999. Pasture measurement. New Zealand Pasture and crop science. White J, Hodgson J, editorsOxford University Press; Auckland, New Zealand: p. 59–66.
Hossamo HE, Owen JB, Farid MFA. 1986. Body condition score and production in fat-tailed Awassi sheep under range conditions. Res Dev Agric 3:99–104.
Jefferies BC. 1961. Body condition scoring and its use in management. Tas J Agric 32:19–21.
Kenyon PR, Maloney SK, Blache D. 2014. Review of sheep body condition in relation to production characteristics. NZ J Agric Res 57:38–64.
Kenyon PR, Morris ST, Hickson RE, Back PJ, Ridler AL, Stafford KJ, West DM. 2013. The effects of body condition score and nutrition of triplet-bearing ewes in late pregnancy. Small Rumin Res 113:154–161.
Kenyon PR, Hickson RE, Hutton PG, Morris ST, Stafford KJ, West DM. 2012a. Effect of twin-bearing ewe body condition score and late pregnancy nutrition on lamb performance. Anim Prod Sci 52:483–490.
Kenyon PR, Morris ST, Hickson RE, Stafford KJ, West DM. 2012b. Nutritional restriction of triplet-bearing ewes and body condition score has minimal impacts. NZ J Agric Res 55:359–370.
Kenyon PR, Pain SJ, Hutton PG, Jenkinson CMC, Morris ST, Peterson SW, Blair HT. 2011. Effects of twin-bearing ewe nutritional treatments on ewe and lamb performance to weaning. Anim Prod Sci 51:406–415.
Kerslake JI, Kenyon PR, Stafford KJ, Morris ST, Morel PCH. 2009. The effect of offering concentrate supplement to twin- and triplet-bearing ewes grazing a 60 mm herbage sward height on lamb birth weight, heat production and post-natal growth. J Agric Sci 147:613–624.
Kerslake JI, Kenyon PR, Stafford KJ, Morris ST, Morel PCH. 2010. Can maternal iodine supplementation improve twin- and triplet-born lamb plasma thyroid hormone concentrations and thermoregulation capabilities in the first 24–36h of life? J Agric Sci 148:453–463.
Kerslake JI, Kenyon PR, Stafford KJ, Morris ST, Morel PCH. 2009. The effect of offering concentrate supplement to twin- and triplet-bearing ewes grazing a 60 mm herbage sward height on lamb birth weight, heat production and post-natal growth. J Agric Sci 147:613–624.
McCutcheon SN, Holmes CW, McDonald MF, Rae AL. 1983. Resistance to cold stress in the newborn lamb 1. Responses of Romney, Drysdale × Romney, and Merino lambs to components of the thermal environment. NZ J Agric Res 26:169–174.
Maden M, Altunok V, Birdane FM, Aslan V, Nizamlioglu M. 2003. Blood and colostrum/milk serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity as a predictor of passive transfer status in lambs. J Vet Med B 50:128–131.
Matthews PNP, Hodgson J, White JGH. 2000. Livestock farming systems in New Zealand. New Zealand pasture and crop science. White JGH, Hodgson J, editorsOxford University Press; Melbourne, Australia: p. 133–151.
Mellor DJ. 1987. Feeding pregnant ewes and newborn lambs during experiment. Animal Models in Fetal Medicine VI. Nathanielsz PW, editorPerinatology Press; Ithaca, NY, USA: p. 55–92.
Morris ST, Kenyon PR. 2004. The effect of litter size and sward height on ewe and lamb performance. NZ J Agric Res 47:275–286.
Morris ST, Parker WJ, Blair HT, McCutcheon SN. 1993. Effect of sward height during late pregnancy on intake and performance of continuously stocked June- and August-lambing ewes. Aust J Agric Res 44:1635–1651.
Nicol AM, Brookes IM. 2007. The metabolisable energy requirements of grazing livestock. Pasture and supplements for grazing animals. Rattray PV, Brookes IM, Nicol AM, editorsOccasional Publication No. 14New Zealand Society of Animal Production; Hamilton, New Zealand: p. 151–172.
Revell DK, Morris ST, Cottam YH, Hanna JE, Thomas DG, Brown S, McCutcheon SN. 2002. Shearing ewes at mid-pregnancy is associated with changes in fetal growth and development. Aust J Agric Res 53:697–705.
Rozeboom KJ, Neale BD, Darroch CS. 2007. Relationships among ewe body condition scores, lamb vigour, colostral quality, milk composition and reproductive performance. J Anim Sci 85:Suppl 2138(Abstr.)
SAS Institute Inc. 2010. SAS User’s Guide: Version 9.3. SAS Institute Inc; Cary, NC, USA:
Tessman RK, Tyler JW, Parish SM, Johnson DL, Gant RG, Grasseschi HA. 1997. Use of age and serum γ-glutamyltransferase activity to assess passive transfer status in lambs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:1163–1164.
Thompson AN, Ferguson MB, Campbell AJD, Gordon DJ, Kearney GA, Oldham CM, Paganoni BL. 2011. Improving the nutrition of Merino ewes during pregnancy and lactation increases weaning weight and survival of progeny but does not affect their mature size. Anim Prod Sci 51:784–793.